Factors Influencing Pedestrian Traffic Collision in Iran: A Qualitative Content Analysis.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore experts' perspectives on the factors influencing pedestrian traffic collisions in Iran. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis with an inductive approach from September 2023 to March 2024. Twenty-six experts were purposefully selected from across Iran. Data were collected through individual face-to-face interviews, guided by a semi-structured interview, developed by a panel of experts and contained open-ended questions. Data analysis was performed manually using the Graneheim and Lundman approach (2004). To ensure trustworthiness, four strategies proposed by Lincoln and Guba were employed. Results: The results revealed two main categories: direct factors and underlying factors, comprising nine subcategories. Direct factors included five subcategories: driver, pedestrian, roads and streets, vehicle, and geographic factors. Underlying factors included four subcategories: governance factors, social determinants, cultural conditions, and economic status. Conclusion: The study identified key risk factors associated with pedestrian collisions according to experts' experiences. We recommend further qualitative studies to explore high-risk behaviors among pedestrians and drivers in depth. Additionally, systematic reviews should examine strategies employed by developing and successful countries to prevent or reduce pedestrian collisions.