ArticleiScience2025
An economic and environmental evaluation of Taiwan's manure to energy applications.
Article in iScience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Cost and benefit information is essential for Taiwan to determine economically feasible manure applications. This study adopts techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment to evaluate manure's energy potential under six composting, pyrolysis, and anaerobic digestion possibilities. Biogas fertilizer and biochar use in agriculture is also examined. The results show that the cost-effective manure applications depend on the recycling method, input of raw materials, and economic scale. Pyrolysis yields up to $175.74 per ton of feedstock, but composting is subject to a loss when emission prices skyrocket. Hog and cattle manure applications may break even in costs, but chicken manure could incur a loss of $25.28 under mesophilic and $19.16 under thermophilic fermentation. Manure distribution would also substantially affect large-scale biopower development due to high transportation and operation costs, and the development cost could dramatically vary by region. The 2023 US dollar is used as the basis.
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