ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Cell death mechanisms induced by gold nano-immunoconjugates-mediated photodynamic therapy against human oesophageal cancer stem cells.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Oxidative Stress-Guided Gold Nanoparticles for Cancer Theranostics.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Background: The current conventional therapy for oesophageal cancer is unable to effectively eliminate oesophageal cancer cells as a result of cancer stem cells (CSCs). These CSCs are the main factors responsible for treatment failure and tumour relapse associated with the present conventional oesophageal cancer therapy. A nano-immunoconjugate-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) proposes a potential approach to eliminate these CSCs efficiently. Method: In this study, we examined the mode of cell death action induced by the nano-immunoconjugates (NIC) mediated PDT comprising aluminium phthalocyanine tetra sulfonic acid chloride (AlPcS Results: Findings from this study showed that NIC-mediated PDT significantly inhibited the cell growth of oesophageal CSCs, promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic cell death through the alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential Δψm, high efflux of cytochrome c protein, high activity of caspase 3/7 protease, and early apoptosis. Moreover, NIC-mediated PDT triggered cell cycle checkpoint activity in the G0/G1 phase, stimulated DNA damage response by increased DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) upregulation, and activated an autophagy action. Conclusion: The outcomes from this study showed the anticancer efficiency of gold nano-immunoconjugate-based PDT against human oesophageal CSCs. Overall, this study provides a rationale for gold nano-immunoconjugate-based PDT for a promising therapeutic application in the clinical treatment of oesophageal cancer.
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