SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2025
Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effect of histology on the efficacy of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- CAR-T therapy in non-small cell lung cancer: Clinical prospects, potential, and strategies for cardiotoxicity management.Translational oncology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Significant efficacy heterogeneity exists between first- and second-line immunotherapy regimens for advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer (SqNSCLC), but most regimens lack directly comparable clinical trial evidence, resulting in unclear prioritization. This analysis identifies optimal treatment strategies by evaluating differences in efficacy across immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methods: We search through comprehensive databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and the Clinical Trials Database. Traditional meta-analysis was done using Stata 15.0, while Bayesian-framework network meta-analysis was implemented with R's GEMTC package via Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. Subgroup analyses were performed for different PD-L1 expression levels, number of treatments, ethnic groups, and smoking history. Results: We included 25 randomized controlled trials. Immune-related therapy can provide significant benefit relative to chemotherapy alone in advanced SqNSCLC. Compared with chemotherapy, except for ipilimumab+chemo [HR = 0.92,95%CI: (0.59-1.40)], atezolizumab+chemo [HR = 0.88, 95%CI: (0.56-1.40)], and durvalumab+chemo [HR = 0.84, 95% CI: (0.52-1.40)], durvalumab+ tremelimumab+chemo [HR = 0. 88, 95% CI: (0.54-1.40)], which significantly improved overall survival(OS). Cemiplimab [HR = 0.48, 95% CI: (0.34-0.67)] showed the best OS benefit. Compared with chemotherapy, all immunotherapies significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) except for ipilimumab+chemo [HR = 0.87, 95% CI: (0.75-1.00)]. Sugemalimab+chemo provided the best survival benefit [HR = 0.34, 95% CI: (0.24-0.48)]. For PD-L1≥50% tumors, penpulimab showed excellent OS and PFS; for PD-L1 1-49% tumors, pembrolizumab+chemo and camrelizumab+chemo achieved the best OS and PFS, respectively; for PD-L1≥1% tumors, the tislelizumab+chemo and camrelizumab+chemo showed the best OS and PFS results, while for tumors with PD-L1 <1%, both nivolumab and serplulimab+chemo provided significant survival benefit. In Asian patients, patients treated with pembrolizumab or pembrolizumab + chemotherapy had favorable OS and PFS benefits. In non-Asian patients, there was also favorable OS and PFS benefit with cemiplimab. For former/current smokers, pembrolizumab+chemotherapy and camrelizumab+chemotherapy had significant OS and PFS benefit, but most immunotherapies did not improve OS and PFS in never smokers. Camrelizumab+chemo [OR = 3.5, 95% CI: (2.3-5.3)] had the best overall response rate (ORR) benefit. Ipilimumab+chemo had the highest incidence of adverse events (AEs) [OR = 2.0, 95% CI:(1.5-2.7)]. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD420251027447.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.