ArticleAnimal bioscience2026
Effects of prenatal auditory stimulation on physiological stress and neurotransmitter levels in developing embryos and day-old ducklings.
Article in Animal bioscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveThe objective of the study was to determine the effects of prenatal auditory stimulation (PAS) on serum concentrations of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), ceruloplasmin (CPN), alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein (AGP), corticosterone (CORT), ovotransferrin (OVT), and dopamine (DA) in duck embryos and hatchlings.
methodsFertilized Khaki Campbell duck eggs were subjected to the following auditory stimulation treatments: 1) no supplementary sound treatment other than the background sound of the incubator's compressors at 40 dB (CONTROL), 2) exposure to pre-recorded traffic noise at 90 dB (NOISE), and 3) exposure to Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major, K 488 at 90 dB (MUSIC). The NOISE and MUSIC treatments were lasted for 20 min per hours over a 24 h (a total of 8 h/d), starting from embryonic days (ED) 13 to hatching. PAS did not influence hatchability rate, body weights at ED 21 and post-hatch day (PH) 1.
resultsThe MUSIC and NOISE treatments elevated HSP70 at ED21 compared to the Control, while opposite results were observed at post-hatch day 1 (PH1). The AGP, CPN and CORT were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by PAS at ED21. However, at PH1, the Control ducklings showed significantly higher OVT and AGP. The NOISE and MUSIC treatments reduced DA activity in ED21 and PH1, respectively.
conclusionPAS induces a physiological stress response in embryos without affecting hatchability or the weights of hatchling. Exposure to MUSIC and NOISE modulates stress-related physiological markers during incubation and hatching, hence enhancing stress resilience in day-old ducklings.
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