ArticleAnimal bioscience2026
Assessment of the safety of Chlorella fusca grown in refined swine manure liquid fertilizer for bioresource applications.
Article in Animal bioscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveChlorella fusca, a microalga with promising applications in sustainable biotechnology, is of growing interest for its nutritional value, environmental benefits, and bioactive properties. This study investigated the safety and viability of cultivating C. fusca in refined liquid fertilizer derived from pig manure.
methodsRefined liquid fertilizer derived from swine manure was used as a nutrient medium for cultivating C. fusca. To compare its biochemical properties with those of commercial Chlorella products, the cultivated algae were subjected to proximate composition analyses to determine their water, crude-protein, crude-fat, and ash-free-extract contents. Cytotoxicity was assessed via MTT and WST-1 assays, and an acute toxicity study was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats to evaluate physiological effects according to body weight changes and serum biomarkers. Histopathological examination of the liver, kidneys, and lungs was conducted to detect any toxicological effects. Additionally, antibiotic residues, microbial safety, pesticide contamination, and heavy-metal content were evaluated to confirm overall product safety.
resultsProximate analysis revealed significant differences in moisture and crude-fat content compared to commercial Chlorella products. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated enhanced immune cell activity at higher concentrations (p<0.05). No significant body weight changes were detected in rats, and serum analysis indicated a dose-dependent reduction in alkaline phosphatase levels in 1,000- and 2,000-mg/mL treatment groups (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Histopathological examination confirmed the absence of significant alterations in the liver, kidneys, and lungs, supporting its safety as a dietary supplement. Antibiotic residue, microbial safety, pesticide contamination, and heavy-metal analyses showed levels that were undetectable or below safety limits, confirming the safety of C. fusca.
conclusionC. fusca cultivated with refined liquid fertilizer derived from swine manure was found to be safe for use in various biotechnology applications. Our findings imply its potential as a bioresource, including as a feed additive.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.