ArticleInjury epidemiology2025
Measuring inequities in transportation injuries in a Canadian commuter cohort: impacts of individual versus neighbourhood income.
Article in Injury epidemiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundLow income has been associated with a higher risk of transportation-related injury however, previous studies have largely relied on area-level income, due to the limited availability of individual-level data.
methodsTo examine the independent and combined roles of individual- and area-level income, this prospective cohort study followed ~ 6,557,000 Canadians from the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts (2006, 2011, 2016), for pedestrian, bicycling, or motor vehicle hospitalizations. Income was measured (1) individually by the low-income cut-off and (2) at the area level using neighbourhood income quintiles. Poisson regression estimated the incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for transportation-related hospitalizations.
resultsAfter adjusting for covariates, low-income individuals had higher risks of hospitalizations for pedestrian (IRR = 1.93, 95%CI (1.62, 2.29)), bicycling (IRR = 1.16, 95%CI (1.01, 1.34)) and motor vehicle injuries (IRR = 1.18, 95%CI (1.06, 1.31)). When both individual and neighbourhood income were assessed together we estimated, that those who lived in the lowest income neighbourhoods (compared to the highest) had a higher risk of pedestrian (IRR = 1.80, 95%CI (1.51, 2.14)) and motor vehicle injury (IRR = 1.33, 95%CI (1.22, 1.42)) but lower risk of bicycling injury (IRR = 0.73, 95%CI (0.65, 0.81)).
conclusionsThe interaction between individual and neighbourhood income revealed an increased injury risk for low-income individuals in all neighbourhoods, with large inequities in pedestrian and motor vehicle injury risk persisting even in the highest-income neighbourhoods. These findings demonstrate individual income independently contributes to transportation injury risk, underscoring the importance of considering both individual- and area-level income.
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