Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41035060›Full record

ArticleInjury epidemiology2025

Injury patterns and seat belt effectiveness in pregnant motor vehicle occupants: evidence from US crash data, 1998-2021.

Corina Espelien, Ruyun Jin, Michelle L Oyen, Mary Gallaher, Susan Mostofizadeh, Rachel VanRyzin, Thomas Hartka, Jason Forman, Pavel Chernyavskiy

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Injury epidemiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Corina EspelienDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Center for Applied Biomechanics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22911, USA.
Ruyun JinDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
Michelle L OyenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, 818 W Hancock St, MI, 48201, USA.
Mary GallaherDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Center for Applied Biomechanics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22911, USA.
Susan MostofizadehCrash Safety Department, Auto Development Center, Honda Development & Manufacturing of America LLC, 21001 State Route 739, Raymond, OH, 43067, USA.
Rachel VanRyzinCrash Safety Department, Auto Development Center, Honda Development & Manufacturing of America LLC, 21001 State Route 739, Raymond, OH, 43067, USA.
Thomas HartkaDepartment of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22901, USA.
Jason FormanDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Center for Applied Biomechanics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22911, USA.
Pavel ChernyavskiyDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. pchern@virginia.edu.

Funding

Honda Development and Manufacturing of America 2000061412
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are the most common etiology of trauma and non-obstetric fetal death among pregnant individuals. Seat belts prevent MVC-related injuries; however, some pregnant individuals do not wear a seat belt due to discomfort and concerns about belt-related safety for their fetus. Highlighted by stagnating seat belt use rates over time and potential for incorrect usage, seat belt effectiveness among pregnant occupants requires further study. Here, crash data 1998-2021 for pregnant occupants from National Automotive Sampling System - Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) and the Crash Investigation Sampling System (CISS) were analyzed to: 1) evaluate the effectiveness of seat belts on preventing whole-body injury outcomes; 2) evaluate the effectiveness of seat belts on preventing body region-specific injuries; and 3) investigate vehicle- and occupant-specific factors that modify the risk of injuries. Adjusted for occupant and vehicle factors, seat belts prevented whole-body injuries as well as injuries to critical body regions such as the brain, thorax, and pelvis. Although three-point seat belts are effective in improving injury outcomes for pregnant occupants overall, there is room to improve their effectiveness for specific body regions (e.g., abdomen, uterus/placenta). Importantly, no elevated injury risk to pregnant occupants from wearing a seat belt during an MVC was found.

Identifiers

PMID41035060
PMCPMC12487210

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.