ArticleLipids in health and disease2025
Excessive cholesterol accelerates intervertebral disc degeneration by promoting the polarization of M1 macrophages.
Article in Lipids in health and disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global trends and hotspots of macrophage-related research in intervertebral disc degeneration from 2005 to 2025: a bibliometric and visualized analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Inhibition of Fibroblast Activation Protein-α Ameliorates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via Reduced Vascular Invasion in Cartilage Endplate.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- Multi-omics Mendelian randomization prioritizes BMP6 as a candidate therapeutic target in intervertebral disc degeneration.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Serum lipids and low back pain in male aircraft maintenance technicians: association after ergonomic exposure adjustment.Journal of occupational health · 2026Article
- Relationship between hyperlipidemia and lumbar disc degeneration in patients with low back pain: an observational retrospective study.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Spinal manipulative therapy promotes nucleus pulposus resorption and alleviates pain in a rat model of lumbar disc herniation via JNK-dependent regulation of inflammation and tissue remodeling.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIntervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the primary cause of low back pain (LBP). Dyslipidaemia can induce a chronic inflammatory state in the body, promote the polarization of macrophages, and may affect the homeostasis of the intervertebral disc (IVD). However, the relationship between dyslipidaemia and IVDD remains unclear.
methodsThis study encompassed human subjects and animal models. Techniques used: cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemical staining, flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and statistical analysis.
resultsThrough a retrospective analysis involving 196 patients, this study found that high TC, TG, and LDL-C levels were risk factors for IVDD. Subsequently, cell experiments and animal models verified that excessive cholesterol can directly induce the loss of phenotype in nucleus pulposus cells and promote the M1-type polarization of macrophages through the JAK1/STAT1 pathway, thereby accelerating IVDD.
conclusionsThese results reveal that excessive cholesterol is a risk factor for intervertebral disc degeneration, emphasizing its direct role in the degeneration process as well as its involvement in signal regulation during macrophage polarization. Therefore, cholesterol-lowering therapy may provide new opportunities for the treatment of IVDD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.