ArticleBMC public health2025
Disparities in COVID-19 mortality in the United States, 2020-2023.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mobilizing Community-Driven Public Health: Increasing Access to Diagnostic Testing for Underserved Individuals Through Lab-In-A-Van Partnerships.AJPM focus · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Vaccination Refusal and Non-Uptake Among People Living with HIV in the United States.Journal of community health · 2026Review
- Identifying Demographic Predictors of Increased Nonfatal Opioid Overdose Risk Among New York State Medicaid Enrollees After the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Patients' Perspectives on Changes in Cancer Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Survey Among Patients with Gynecological Malignancies and Breast Cancer in Germany (NOGGO-S25/Expression XIII).Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Article
- Mortality trends in the United States in recent years including provisional 2024 data.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Where Inequities Emerge: Racial and Ethnic Differences Across the COVID-19 Hospitalization Continuum.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Favorable safety and immunogenicity of a combined quadrivalent influenza and recombinant SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Sprague-Dawley rats for both primary and booster immunization.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected various demographics and regions in the United States. Understanding disparities in COVID-19 mortality is essential for promoting health equity and guiding future responses.
objectiveTo examine demographic and regional disparities in age-adjusted and proportionate COVID-19 mortality in the US from 2020 to 2023. DESIGN, SETTING, AND
participantsIn this repeated cross-sectional study, data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) multiple causes of death database were used to analyze death certificates from 2020 to 2023 for COVID-19-related mortality among persons aged ≥ 15 years in the U.S.
main outcome measuresAge-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) per 100,000 persons, Rate ratio (with 95% CI), and proportionate mortality of COVID-19, calculated using descriptive statistics.
resultsFrom 2020 to 2023, 1,167,362 (8.91%) of 13,098,787 total deaths in the U.S. were attributed to COVID-19. The AAMR peaked in 2021 at 147.0 (95% CI: 146.6-147.5) per 100,000, with 13.45% of all deaths related to COVID-19, decreasing to 23.1 (2.49%) by 2023. Males exhibited a 1.56-fold higher AAMR than females. Non-Hispanic (NH) American Indian/Alaska Native experienced the highest cumulative AAMR (154), followed by NH Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (124.2) and NH African American (123.9) populations. Hispanics had the highest proportionate mortality, with COVID-19 contributing to 23.55% of all deaths in 2021. The oldest age group (≥ 75 years) had the highest cumulative AAMR, 71.6 times higher compared to the youngest group (15-44 years), whereas the highest proportionate mortality was seen in middle-aged adults (45-74 years). Regionally, the Southern U.S. census region recorded the highest cumulative and annual AAMR, except for the Northeast, in 2020.
conclusionFrom 2020 to 2023, males, older adults, and racial/ethnic minority groups, notably NH AI/AN, NH NH/PI, NH African American, and Hispanic populations, experienced higher COVID-19 mortality. Regionally, the Southern U.S. Census region had the highest COVID-19 mortality, except for the Northeast, in 2020. These disparities underscore the importance of implementing equitable public health strategies and ensuring preparedness for future health crises. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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