Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41034328›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Computational design of an mRNA vaccine targeting antifungal-resistant Lomentospora prolificans.

Muhammad Bilal Iqbal Rehmani, Fizza Arshad, Muhammad Umer Khan, Hasan Ejaz, Umar Nishan, Amal Alotaibi, Riaz Ullah, Ke Chen, Suvash Chandra Ojha, Mohibullah Shah

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Protein engineering: status report.Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Muhammad Bilal Iqbal RehmaniDepartment of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 66000, Punjab, Pakistan.
Fizza ArshadDepartment of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 66000, Punjab, Pakistan.
Muhammad Umer KhanInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Hasan EjazDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72388, Saudi Arabia.
Umar NishanDepartment of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
Amal AlotaibiDepartment of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
Riaz UllahMedicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ke ChenDepartment of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
Suvash Chandra OjhaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China. suvash_ojha@swmu.edu.cn.
Mohibullah ShahDepartment of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 66000, Punjab, Pakistan. mohib@bzu.edu.pk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6126-7102

Funding

Deanship of Scientific Research, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University PNURSP2025R33
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lomentospora prolificans is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that predominantly affects immunocompromised individuals, as well as healthy individuals, often leading to disseminated disease with high mortality rates. Effective treatment is challenging due to its high intrinsic resistance to antifungal agents. To address this, we employed subtractive proteomics and reverse vaccinology approaches to identify potential antigenic proteins for the design of an mRNA-based multi-epitope vaccine (MEV). Our study identified four antigenic proteins as promising vaccine targets. A vaccine construct was developed using a combination of twelve cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), nine helper T lymphocyte (HTL), and five linear B lymphocyte (LBL) epitopes. These epitopes were connected using appropriate linkers (AAY, GPGPG, and KK) and adjuvants to enhance antigenicity and immunogenicity. The vaccine construct was rigorously evaluated for its physicochemical properties, demonstrating high antigenicity, non-toxicity, non-allergenicity, stability, and solubility. Molecular docking studies were conducted to validate the interactions between the vaccine construct and the human toll-like receptor (TLR4). Immune simulation studies further confirmed the vaccine's potential to elicit a robust immune response. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, principal component analysis (PCA), dynamic cross-correlation matrix (DCCM) analysis, and binding free energy calculations were performed to assess the stability and efficacy of the vaccine-receptor complex. Codon optimization and in-silico cloning were carried out to ensure efficient expression of the vaccine in Escherichia coli strain K12. The findings of this study suggest that the proposed vaccine construct holds significant promise as a novel mRNA-based therapeutic candidate against L. prolificans infections. Further experimental validation is recommended to advance this vaccine toward clinical application.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, FungalFungal VaccinesmRNA VaccinesRNA, MessengerAntifungal AgentsAntigens, FungalEpitopes, B-LymphocyteEpitopes, T-LymphocyteHumansMolecular Docking SimulationToll-Like Receptor 4Antifungal AgentsAntigens, FungalEpitopes, B-LymphocyteEpitopes, T-LymphocyteFungal VaccinesmRNA VaccinesRNA, MessengerToll-Like Receptor 4AntifungalBioinformaticsFatalInfectionsIn-silico vaccine

Identifiers

PMID41034328
PMCPMC12489060

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.