ReviewSignal transduction and targeted therapy2025
Multiple sclerosis: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.
Review in Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The role of AI-assisted drug repurposing in neurological disorders: a systematic review of validation strategies, challenges and opportunities.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Pooled it
- The dual role of mTOR in multiple sclerosis pathophysiology: a systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- The Crossroads of Neuroinflammation and Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.Cells · 2026Pooled it
- Association between Mediterranean Diet and Development of Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- A network meta-analysis of the performance of acupoint stimulation therapy in improving fatigue, neurological function, and activities of daily living in patients with multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Oxidative stress, depressive symptoms, disability, cognitive outcomes and hand dexterity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients with mild/moderate disability.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Polypharmacy, Potential Drug-Drug Interactions and Medication Non-Adherence in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Longitudinal Study.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Dietary regimens and cognitive function in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- Shedding Light on Interaction Between Neurological Symptoms and Psychiatric Episodes in Multiple Sclerosis: Novel Hypothesis and Therapeutic Avenues.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- CAR-T Cell Therapy and Gut Microbiota Modulation in Multiple Sclerosis: Emerging Therapeutic Strategies and Current Limitations.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Impact of age, BMI, and renal function adjustment on interpretation of serum NfL and GFAP in multiple sclerosis progression: a scoping review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- M2-associated microglial states in oligodendrocyte regulation and white matter repair in vascular dementia.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Apigenin as a Potential Modulator of Neuroinflammation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Review.Biology · 2026Review
- The Neurovascular Niche: A Gathering Venue for Neuroinflammation and Remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- MOG-Peptide Synergizes With Rapamycin to Drive CD4Immunology · 2026Article
- Immunometabolic reprogramming in multiple sclerosis: from pathogenic amplifier to therapeutic target in neuroinflammation and remyelination.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- The role of SUMOylation in regulating proteins that drive neuronal disease progression.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Review
- Fungal Infections Associated with Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Modulators: Immunological Mechanisms, Clinical Patterns, and Management Considerations.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- CSF Cytokine Network Organization Predicts Progression Independent of Relapse and MRI Activity in Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- The Prospective Regulatory Functions of lncRNAs and Their ceRNA Networks in the Development of Motor Neurons and Associated Diseases.Biomolecules · 2026Review
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination, axonal loss, and neuroinflammation, culminating in progressive neurological disability. Despite significant advances in understanding its immunopathogenesis, current immunotherapies remain limited in their ability to halt disease progression, making multiple sclerosis incurable and highlighting the critical need for novel therapeutic strategies. Antigen-specific immunotherapy represents a groundbreaking approach that aims to restore immune tolerance to myelin-derived antigens while preserving the protective functions of the immune system. Unlike broad immunosuppressive strategies, antigen-specific immunotherapy offers the potential for highly targeted modulation of pathogenic immune responses, reducing off-target effects and enhancing safety profiles. Over the last two decades, preclinical studies and clinical trials have explored diverse antigen-specific immunotherapy modalities, ranging from peptide-based vaccines to nanoparticle platforms, each aimed at achieving durable tolerance in multiple sclerosis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of multiple sclerosis, covering its etiology, clinical features, pathogenesis, pathology, and current therapeutic approaches. Thus, it delves into the current state of antigen-specific immunotherapy research, critically examining its successes and limitations while addressing the translational challenges that must be overcome to realize its therapeutic potential. By integrating insights from immunology, biotechnology, and translational medicine, we propose directions for advancing antigen-specific approaches in the quest for transformative multiple sclerosis therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.