Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41033784›Full record

SynthesisJournal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry2026

Biomarkers to predict relapse in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Jane Andersen, Benjamin Peter Trewin, Russell C Dale, Sudarshini Ramanathan, Fabienne Brilot

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Beyond Positivity: Understanding and Interpreting MOG-IgG Testing in MOGAD.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Neuroglial markers of damage in autoimmune neurology.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jane AndersenKids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-5322-3924
Benjamin Peter TrewinKids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-6229
Russell C DaleKids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2495-1826
Sudarshini RamanathanKids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0294-9768
Fabienne BrilotKids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia fabienne.brilot@sydney.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7025-2276

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDetection of immunoglobulin G targeting myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG) is the mainstay of laboratory diagnosis of MOG antibody-associated disease. Laboratory biomarkers have the potential to predict disease course and activity, thus informing prompt therapeutic decisions to minimise relapse-associated disability accrual.

methodsThis systematic review with meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024554429). MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus databases were searched. Random-effects or mixed-effects modelling was performed and OR or HR with 95% CIs reported.

results106 studies with ≥1710 individuals were included. A relapsing course was associated with persistent seropositivity on serial samples collected ≥3 months apart (OR 2.7 (95% CI 1.8 to 4.0), p<0.0001), lower likelihood of seroreversion to negative status (HR 0.19 (95% CI 0.14 to 0.26), p<0.0001) and delayed seroreversion compared with monophasic participants (median 19 years vs 2.5 years, p<0.0001). Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis was associated with a non-relapsing course (OR 0.049 (95% CI 0.0029 to 0.84), p=0.037). Serum MOG-IgG titre-negative, low positive or clear positive-discriminated disease state: attack was associated with clear positive titre (OR 3.6 (95% CI 2.6 to 5.0), p<0.0001), but not negative titre (OR 0.073 (95% CI 0.028 to 0.19), p<0.0001). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leucocytosis (≥5 cells/µL) was associated with attack (OR 3.1 (95% CI 1.7 to 5.9), p=0.0004). Neither serum glial fibrillary acidic protein nor neurofilament light chain correlated with disease activity. Novel biomarkers of disease course and activity have also been assessed qualitatively.

conclusionsMOG-IgG serostatus and titre and CSF leucocytosis are biomarkers of disease course and activity. The findings provide rationale for serial serum MOG-IgG testing at an interval of 3-6 months in the first 12 months of disease to assist in relapse risk stratification. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42024554429.

Indexed as

AutoantibodiesMyelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinBiomarkersEncephalomyelitis, Acute DisseminatedHumansImmunoglobulin GMyelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated DiseaseRecurrenceAutoantibodiesBiomarkersImmunoglobulin GMOG protein, humanMyelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein

Identifiers

PMID41033784
PMCPMC12911599

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.