Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41033666›Full record

ArticleBrain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)2026

3D imaging of neuronal inclusions and protein aggregates in human neurodegeneration by multiscale x-ray phase-contrast tomography.

Jonas Franz, Jakob Reichmann, Marina Eckermann, Thea Würfel, Artur Groh, Syed Fatima Qadri, Katja Schulz, Brit Mollenhauer, Christine Stadelmann, Tim Salditt

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jonas FranzDepartment of Neuropathology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7523-6622
Jakob ReichmannInstitute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.
Marina EckermannESRF, The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France.
Thea WürfelDepartment of Neuropathology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.
Artur GrohInstitute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.
Syed Fatima QadriDepartment of Neuropathology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.
Katja SchulzInstitute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.
Brit MollenhauerAligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA.
Christine StadelmannDepartment of Neuropathology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.
Tim SaldittInstitute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.

Funding

Deutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftGermany's Excellence Strategy EXC 2067/1-390729940Hertha Sponer College (MBExC)Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research ASAP-020625UMG Clinician Scientist Program
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study leverages x-ray phase-contrast tomography (XPCT) for detailed analysis of neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on the three-dimensional (3D) visualization and quantification of neuropathological features within fixed human postmortem tissue. XPCT with synchrotron radiation offers micrometer and even sub-micron resolution, enabling us to examine intra- and extraneuronal aggregates and inclusions such as Lewy bodies (LBs), granulovacuolar degeneration (GvD), Hirano bodies (HBs), neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), β-amyloid plaques, and vascular amyloid deposits in three dimensions. In the reconstructions, we identified the highest electron densities in Hirano and LBs, while NFTs exhibited no significant increase in XPCT contrast. Using cutting-edge high-resolution x-ray synchrotron beamlines, we were now able to detect even detect subcellular differences in electron densities found in GvD. Small-scale inhomogeneities of the electron density were also detected in LBs, potentially relating to inclusions of organelles. Additionally, we reveal here a peculiar 3D geometry of HBs and demonstrate the co-occurrence with GvD in the same neuron. These findings underscore the potential of XPCT as a powerful, label-free tool for spatially resolved neuropathological investigations, opening new avenues for the systematic 3D characterization of inclusions and aggregates in neurodegeneration.

Indexed as

Imaging, Three-DimensionalInclusion BodiesNeurodegenerative DiseasesNeuronsAgedAged, 80 and overBrainFemaleHumansLewy BodiesMaleNeurofibrillary TanglesProtein AggregatesProtein AggregatesLewy bodiesneurodegenerationneuroimagingprotein aggregatessynchrotron radiationx‐ray phase‐contrast tomography

Identifiers

PMID41033666
PMCPMC12861568

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.