ArticleInternational braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology
Distribution of Neuroendocrine Cells and Hormone Receptors in the Male Proximal Urethra: Implications for Sensory Function and the Impact of Aging.
Article in International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeTo assess the distribution of neuroendocrine cells in the male penile urethra and the influence of age and estrogen therapy. MATERIALS AND
methodsA retrospective immunohistochemical cohort study was conducted on 26 penile urethras obtained during feminizing genitoplasty. Three anatomical regions were analyzed: bulbar, distal, and glans urethra. Neuroendocrine cells were identified by double immunohistochemistry and quantified as chromogranin A-positive cells per mm² of epithelium.
resultsPatients were divided according to estrogen exposure: Group 1 (n=12, median age 23.5 years, estrogen 5.5 years) and Group 2 (n=14, median age 43.0 years, estrogen 18.0 years). A clear gradient of neuroendocrine cell density was observed, with the bulbar urethra showing the highest values compared to distal urethra and glans. Group 2 had significantly higher bulbar urethral cell density than Group 1 (p<0.005). A negative correlation between age and bulbar density was observed.
conclusionsThis study provides evidence of a neuroendocrine cell gradient in the human male urethra, concentrated in the bulbar region. Cell density declines with age but is preserved by long-term estrogen therapy. These findings underscore the bulbar urethra as a key sensory structure that should be preserved during surgery and suggest that hormone therapy may mitigate age-related sensory decline.
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