ArticleNeurology2025
Ambient Trichloroethylene Exposure and Parkinson Disease Risk in Medicare Beneficiaries.
Article in Neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Environmental hazards and climate change: Unmasking Parkinson's hidden enemies.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Multiple system atrophy: cure and care.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Primary prevention of Parkinson's disease: proceedings, the 8C's and a position statement from the Parkinson's disease prevention think tank.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Excess risk of fracture in incident Parkinson's disease Medicare beneficiaries.Injury epidemiology · 2026Article
- The Green Parkinson's Belt: agricultural regions associated with increased Parkinson's disease burden in Mexico.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesTrichloroethylene (TCE) is an important environmental contaminant in the United States due to widespread use industrially. Epidemiologic studies suggest that occupational exposure to TCE and TCE-contaminated drinking water may increase the risk of Parkinson disease (PD). The aim of this study was to investigate the nationwide relationship between ambient TCE and PD risk.
methodsWe performed a nationwide, population-based, case-control study to investigate the association between incident PD in US Medicare beneficiaries aged 67 years and older in 2016-2018 and their residential exposure to ambient (outdoor) TCE in 2002. We assigned residence based on the latitude and longitude of Medicare beneficiaries' zip + 4 center 2 years before diagnosis/reference. We assigned TCE exposure based on census tract-level data from the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) National Air Toxics Assessment program. We used logistic regression to estimate relative risk (RR) adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking, health care utilization, rural-urban commuting area (RUCA), and PM
resultsWe identified 221,789 incident PD cases (median age 78.8 years; 45% female) and 1,132,765 matched controls (median age 75.7 years; 57% female). We found a dose-dependent positive association between ambient TCE concentrations and PD risk, wherein beneficiaries exposed to the top decile of ambient TCE levels (0.14-8.66 μg/m DISCUSSION: We identified a positive association between ambient TCE and PD risk, suggesting that TCE may contribute to PD. We identified relatively higher risk of PD near 2 TCE-emitting facilities. This study was limited to Medicare-aged individuals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.