Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41032454›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol review2025

Looking for the Best Way to Come Off Steroids Safely? Exploring Post-Cycle Therapy, Cessation, and Recovery Discourse and Practice in Australian Steroid Consumer Forums.

Jonathan Easton, Bonnie Grant, Geoffrey Spurling, Raphael Magnolini, Timothy Piatkowski

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol review, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jonathan EastonSchool of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
Bonnie GrantSection of Investigative Medicine, Commonwealth Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1121-9211
Geoffrey SpurlingGeneral Practice Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Raphael MagnoliniArud Centre for Addiction Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland.
Timothy PiatkowskiSchool of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-6177-0266

Funding

Griffith University
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAnabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use is rising in Australia; however, discontinuation poses challenges due to withdrawal symptoms and a lack of clinical guidance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore online discourses around post-cycle therapy (PCT), including perceived health risks, benefits and barriers, among people who use AAS.

methodsThis study employed a digital ethnographic approach to explore Australian 'steroid forums' discussing PCT. Data were collected by extracting posts containing relevant keywords across four selected forums, with analysis guided by the Health Belief Model to identify barriers, facilitators and perceptions related to PCT.

resultsA total of 150 threads and 5059 posts from 580 unique forum users were analysed. Key barriers to PCT engagement included social influences, aggressive anti-PCT discourse and regulatory constraints. Benefits of PCT were recognised in preventing side effects and preserving muscle gains. Consumers shared concerns about hormonal imbalance, sexual health and long-term damage, which were driving forces behind seeking advice on PCT. DISCUSSION AND

conclusionsThis study highlights the role of online forums in shaping AAS consumers' understanding of PCT, where peer-driven knowledge networks facilitate harm reduction. However, inconsistent advice and the lack of clear clinical guidelines, compounded by the lack of prospective studies, contribute to uncertainty and risk. This underscores the need for evidence-based, non-stigmatising support in healthcare.

Indexed as

Anabolic AgentsSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeAustraliaFemaleHumansMaleSocial MediaAnabolic Agentsanabolic‐androgenic steroidscessationharm reductionpost‐cycle therapyrecovery

Identifiers

PMID41032454
PMCPMC12581923

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.