SynthesisNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2025
Human leukocyte antigen in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of risk and clinical attributes.
Synthesis in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antigen-specific adaptive immunity in Parkinson's disease: peripheral priming, brain-border reactivation and parenchymal injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Interferon gamma stimulates coordinated changes in LRRK2, GCase, and cathepsin activities in idiopathic and genetic Parkinson's disease monocytes.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder potentially influenced by immune system dysregulation, with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system implicated in its pathogenesis. This study aims to evaluate HLA variants' association with PD risk and clinical attributes.
methodsA systematic review and meta-analysis, registered with PROSPERO (CRD420250650550) and adhering to PRISMA Guidelines, was conducted. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from February 2005 to February 2025 for determined keywords. Eligible studies included human-based primary research reporting HLA associations with PD risk or clinical features. Data was extracted on study characteristics, HLA alleles/genotypes, and clinical outcomes. Meta-analysis used fixed-effect models to pool odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), assessing heterogeneity via I
resultsSixteen studies analyzing 42 HLA markers were included. Pooled ORs indicated increased PD risk with insignificant heterogeneity for HLA-B*07, HLA-C*07:02, HLA-DQA1*01:02, HLA-DQA1*05:05, HLA-DRB1*03:01, and HLA-DRB1*15:01, with protective effects for HLA-DQB1*03:02 and HLA-DQB1*04:01. The analysis for HLA genotypes showed substantial heterogeneity across the studies. The publication bias effect was limited using trim-and-fill method, affecting all the homogenous analyses. HLA-DR expression correlated with motor-cognitive function, and HLA-DQB1*06:02 was linked to daytime sleepiness.
conclusionSpecific HLA alleles influence PD susceptibility and clinical presentation, highlighting the immune system's role in PD pathogenesis. Future research may explore the influence of HLA haplotypes on PD to ascertain whether there is a direct impact or if the associations are merely a consequence of linkage disequilibrium.
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