Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41031146›Full record

ArticleACS sustainable resource management2025

Microstructural Characterization of Ball-Milled Biochar and Its Reinforcing Efficiency in Biobased Thermoplastic Polyurethane through Preferential Embedment in the Soft Segment.

Kunal Manna, Chaoying Wan, Jaipal Gupta, James J C Busfield, Biqiong Chen, Ton Peijs

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in ACS sustainable resource management, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Kunal MannaWarwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), Centre for Polymers and Composites (CPC), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1746-8326
Chaoying WanWarwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), Centre for Polymers and Composites (CPC), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1079-5885
Jaipal GuptaWarwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), Centre for Polymers and Composites (CPC), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
James J C BusfieldSchool of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
Biqiong ChenSchool of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH, U.K.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6465-2871
Ton PeijsWarwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), Centre for Polymers and Composites (CPC), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6686-6005

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the reinforcement effects of biochar on a bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane (bio-TPU). The particle size of the biochar was reduced and controlled by using a planetary ball milling process under varying milling conditions. The structure and morphology of ball-milled biochar (BBC) were thoroughly characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Bio-TPU/BBC composites were fabricated via melt compounding. The BBC was found to be preferentially localized within the soft segment (SS) phase of the TPU, as indicated by enhanced crystallization of the SS and a shift in its glass transition temperature (

Indexed as

ball millingbiobasedbiocharcharacterizationmechanical propertiesnanocompositesthermoplastic elastomer

Identifiers

PMID41031146
PMCPMC12478856

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.