Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41031063›Full record

ArticleAEM education and training2025

Development, Integration, and Evaluation of Street Medicine Into Emergency Medicine Resident Education.

John Spartz, Sarah Axelrath, April Krall, Barbara Blok, W Gannon Sungar, Bonnie Kaplan, Lara Rappaport, Jason Haukoos, Evangelia Murray, Kathleen Joseph

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in AEM education and training, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

John SpartzDepartment of Emergency Medicine Denver Health Medical Center Denver Colorado USA.
Sarah AxelrathDepartment of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA.
April KrallStout Street Medical Center Colorado Coalition for the Homeless Denver Colorado USA.
Barbara BlokDepartment of Emergency Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA.
W Gannon SungarDepartment of Emergency Medicine Denver Health Medical Center Denver Colorado USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9444-1717
Bonnie KaplanDepartment of Emergency Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA.
Lara RappaportDepartment of Emergency Medicine Denver Health Medical Center Denver Colorado USA.
Jason HaukoosDepartment of Emergency Medicine Denver Health Medical Center Denver Colorado USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7784-6811
Evangelia MurrayDepartment of Emergency Medicine Denver Health Medical Center Denver Colorado USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0882-5210
Kathleen JosephDepartment of Emergency Medicine Denver Health Medical Center Denver Colorado USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5273-3958

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: People experiencing homelessness (PEH) utilize the emergency department (ED) at higher rates than the general population. Emergency medicine (EM) physicians would benefit from increased exposure to homeless healthcare, including street medicine, which provides mobile care to PEH. Thus, leveraging a relationship with a local healthcare organization for the homeless, this project aimed to implement a street medicine experience for first-year EM residents and evaluate resident perceptions of the experience. Methods: By partnering with an existing street medicine program, we piloted an elective one-day experience for first-year EM residents. Residents were invited to complete pre- and post-experience surveys using the Health Professionals' Attitude Toward the Homeless Inventory (HPATHI), augmented with additional Likert scale and qualitative questions. We calculated descriptive statistics and performed analysis of free-text answers using inductive and in vivo codes. Results: We successfully piloted and integrated a street medicine experience into the curriculum of an EM residency program. 17/17 (100%) residents of the first-year class participated in the elective. 13/17 (76%) of residents completed the pre-survey and 9/17 (53%) of residents completed the post-survey. Although there were no statistical differences between pre- and post-surveys, major themes from free text responses included (1) practice-changing insights into systems- and community-based challenges within the lived experiences of PEH, and (2) interest in additional education dedicated to street medicine. On average, residents found the experience to be useful (mean 4.0, standard deviation [SD] 1.40) and valuable (mean 4.4, SD 1.01), felt more comfortable caring for PEH (mean 4.6, SD 0.73), and had a better understanding of community resources (mean 4.6, SD 0.73) after the experience. Conclusion: We demonstrated the feasibility of incorporating a street medicine pilot experience into EM resident education, and, on average, residents perceived this experience as a valuable and useful addition to their education.

Indexed as

emergency medicinehomeless healthresident educationstreet medicine

Identifiers

PMID41031063
PMCPMC12476964

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.