Comparative analysis of machine learning techniques on the BraTS dataset for brain tumor classification.

Introduction: Accurate classification of brain tumors from MRI scans is a critical task for improving patient outcomes. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods have shown promise in this domain, but their relative performance remains unclear. Methods: This study evaluates several ML and DL techniques using the BraTS 2024 dataset. The models assessed include traditional algorithms such as Random Forest and advanced deep learning architectures including Simple CNN, VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, Inception-ResNetV2, and EfficientNet. Preprocessing strategies were applied to optimize model performance. Results: The Random Forest classifier achieved the highest accuracy of 87%, outperforming all deep learning models, which achieved accuracy in the range of 47% to 70%. This indicates that traditional ML approaches can sometimes surpass state-of-the-art DL methods in tumor classification tasks. Discussion: The findings highlight the importance of model selection and parameter tuning in automated brain tumor diagnosis. While deep learning models are generally considered standard for image analysis, Random Forest demonstrated superior performance in this context. This underscores the need for fine-grained consideration of dataset characteristics, computational resources, and diagnostic requirements. Conclusion: The study shows that carefully selected and optimized ML approaches can improve tumor classification and support more accurate and efficient diagnostic systems for brain tumor patients.