ReviewCureus2025
Role of Complement Anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) in Lymphoma: A Systematic Review.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Complement, Inflammasome, and Microglial Crosstalk in Glaucoma: From Neurodegeneration to Immune-Based Precision Therapy.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumor cell survival, growth, and proliferation are related to the interactions between tumor cells and immune cells. Anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a seem to be involved in these cell-to-cell interactions. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the increase of C3a and/or C5a levels induces the proliferation of lymphoma cells. The population consisted of naïve lymphoma patients or human lymphoma cell lines. Comparisons of C3a and C5a levels between lymphoma patients and a healthy control group and between lymphoma cell lines and control media were acceptable. Studies that demonstrated outcomes regarding patients' survival and the growth and proliferation of lymphoma cells were included. A search was conducted on MEDLINE (through PubMed), Cochrane, and Scopus on January 2, 2025. Two independent reviewers performed the quality assessment using the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) modified for in vitro studies. Results were descriptively presented. Through a search of the aforementioned libraries, 852 studies were identified. Four studies were eligible: two studies used only cell lines, one used a cell line and paraffin blocks from 58 patients, and the other used serum from 39 naïve B-cell lymphoma patients. Regarding in vitro studies, it was shown that C5a induced neutrophil-mediated antibody-dependent tumor cell lysis. Elevated levels of C5a in co-culture with M2 macrophages lead to increased lymphoma cell proliferation, and patients with high densities of M2 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment (TME) had poor prognosis. Regarding the limitations of this review, only a few articles were found to study this hypothesis. Evidence of a correlation between anaphylatoxin levels and lymphoma cell proliferation raises the need for further investigation in order to understand the role of complement in B-cell lymphoma development and progression. In summary, anaphylatoxins, especially C5a, appear to play a role in the activation of lymphoma cells both as mediators in cell-cell interaction and as auxiliary molecules for the lysis of these cells via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.