ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Overdose response centering inequity and diversity study: a protocol for assessing the population-level and equity impact of the emergency medical services system changes using critical race theory.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- "I'm not a graduate or doctor, yet we are all together:" articulating a partnership model for community-engaged research.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Structural racism continues to drive racial disparities in opioid-related deaths by creating inequitable access to healthcare, shaping prescription practices, limiting availability of culturally responsive care, and concentrating socioeconomic disadvantage in racial/ethnic minority communities. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) based interventions provide a critical opportunity to address these disparities at the frontlines of care, as minoritized communities often utilize EMS as their usual source of care. In King County, Washington, EMS has begun implementing several system changes aimed at reducing opioid overdose deaths, promoting harm reduction strategies, increasing access to overdose prevention resources, and improving outcomes for individuals who survive overdoses. The Overdose Response Centering Inequity and Diversity (ORCID) study will evaluate these EMS system changes to understand their impact on opioid-related outcomes differentially by race and ethnicity. Methods: This study employs a mixed-methods, hybrid effectiveness-implementation design with three aims: (1) to understand experiences and outcomes for minoritized racial groups at the patient level using a prospective cohort study ( Discussion: Through a rigorous evaluation of EMS system changes in King County, this study will generate actionable insights for improving EMS responses to the opioid epidemic and addressing racial disparities both locally and nationally. As one of the first studies to track a longitudinal cohort of non-fatal overdose survivors, ORCID will provide critical data on both short- and long-term outcomes, informing future interventions focused on improving continuum of care for overdose survivors. By employing a community-engaged approach, the study centers the lived experiences of those most affected and enhances the relevance of the study findings. Potential limitations include the rapidly evolving landscape of EMS interventions and biases associated with non-random sampling.
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