ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2026
Synthetic Hydrogels Incorporating Hydrolytic/Nonhydrolytic Macromer Ratios Exhibit Improved Tunability of In Vivo Degradation and Immune Responses.
Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hydrogel-Based Systems in Intrauterine Adhesions: Bridging the Gap from Bench to Bedside.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Blended and Microparticle Composite Hyaluronan Hydrogels with Programmable Degradation through Selective Oxidation.ACS polymers Au · 2026Article
- Synthetic Hydrogels Incorporating Hydrolytic/Nonhydrolytic Macromer Ratios Exhibit Improved Tunability of In Vivo Degradation and Immune Responses.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Targeting delayed healing tissues: immune reprogramming of adaptive immune cells by biomaterials.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Proteolytically degradable hydrogels are widely used as delivery carriers in regenerative medicine. However, the in vivo degradation rate of these materials is difficult to control because of site-specific enzymatic activity, implant design, and disease state, impairing tissue regeneration. Hydrogels with crosslinks that degrade hydrolytically offer an alternate route to tune in vivo degradation profile. In this study, a synthetic 4-arm maleimide-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-4MAL) hydrogel system that combines hydrolytic ester-linked PEG-4MAL (PEG-4eMAL) macromer with nondegradable amide-linked PEG-4MAL (PEG-4aMAL) macromer in various stoichiometric ratios to tune the degradability rate is engineered. The macromers are crosslinked with dithiothreitol (DTT) via thiol-maleimide click reaction. Rheological analysis shows that a family of PEG-4eMAL/PEG-4aMAL hydrogels has equivalent mechanical properties, but increasing the PEG-4eMAL content increases the rate of degradation in vitro and in vivo. PEG-4eMAL/PEG-4aMAL hydrogels support high viability of encapsulated human cells. Notably, the ratio of PEG-4eMAL/PEG-4aMAL modulates local immune cell recruitment when implanted in the subcutaneous space. These results establish the use of PEG-4eMAL/PEG-4aMAL hydrogels as a hydrolytically degradable platform to tune in vivo degradation and immune responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.