ArticleBJPsych open2025
Ketamine for treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder: double-blind active-controlled randomised crossover study.
Article in BJPsych open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ketamine Dose and Duration Effects in Internalizing Disorders.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Trial
- Ketamine for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: Double-blind active-controlled crossover study.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2025Trial
- Efficacy and safety of ketamine for post-traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review with narrative synthesis and consideration of military and veteran populations.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Review
- Ketamine effects on EEG and their links to therapy differ across treatment-resistant major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Ketamine Dosing Across Clinical Indications: A Narrative Review Organized by Proposed NMDA-Related Mechanisms.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Hope for Neurotic Disorders: A Summary of New Zealand Research on the Development of Biomarkers and Novel Treatments.Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundKetamine is a promising treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but further research is required to extend early findings.
aimsTo determine the short-term efficacy and tolerability of intramuscular (i.m.) ketamine compared with i.m. fentanyl for treatment-resistant PTSD symptoms.
methodWe completed a randomised double-blind psychoactive-controlled study with single doses of i.m. racemic ketamine 0.5 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg or i.m. fentanyl 50 μg (psychoactive control). Eligible participants were aged between 18 and 50 years old and had treatment-refractory PTSD. The primary efficacy measure was the Impact of Events Scale - Revised (IESR), and tolerability was measured with the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale. Analysis of variance with dose and time as repeated measures was used to assess the effects of drug treatment on total IESR and Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale scores.
resultsThirty-three participants completed the study (26 females, mean age 34.5 years). Ketamine, particularly at 1 mg/kg, was associated with substantially reduced IESR ratings, with some effect remaining after 1 week. Ketamine was also associated with short-term dissociative and cardiovascular effects.
conclusionsWe provide preliminary support for the efficacy and tolerability of i.m. ketamine in a community sample of individuals with PTSD. Further work is required to establish the optimal dosing regimen and longer-term role of ketamine in treatment of PTSD, but our findings are encouraging given the well-known of treatments in this area.
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