Observational studyBMC medicine2025
Physical, cognitive, and mental health impacts of Omicron reinfection in patients with original SARS-CoV-2 infection: a community-based observational study.
Observational study in BMC medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
25 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEpidemiological and clinical evidence suggests that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection is a complication in a proportion of patients reporting ongoing health issues. However, most studies in the field of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection have focused only on self-reported symptoms and lacked long-term objective measurements. This study aimed to estimate the pattern of chronic symptoms of Omicron reinfection in patients with original SARS-CoV-2 infection by comprehensively assessments 3 years after recovery.
methodsThis community-based observational study was conducted in Wuhan, China, between January and April in 2023. All participants were recruited from community and invited to participate the interview and examination in a hospital. The subjective multi-system symptoms were self-reported. The objective radiological features and laboratory data were assessed by measuring blood inflammation and performing chest computed tomography (CT) and pulse oxygen saturation.
resultsAmong 1438 individuals who participated in the study, 144 were infected with the original variant only in 2020, 980 were Omicron-infected in 2023, 215 were reinfected both in 2020 and 2023, and 99 were never infected. Compared with the non-infection group, the reinfection (odds ratio (OR), 5.15 [95% confidence intervals (CIs), 2.96-8.96]) group was associated with the highest risk of any of chronic physical symptoms, followed by the Omicron infection (3.45 [2.19-5.44]) and original variant infection (2.90 [1.63-5.15]) groups. Compared with the non-infection group, the reinfection (4.05 [2.30-7.14]), Omicron infection (3.72 [2.26-6.11]), and original variant infection (2.71 [1.48-4.95]) groups were associated with an increased risk of any of chronic mental symptoms. Moreover, of all groups, the reinfection group reported the highest seropositivity rate for C-reactive protein, and the highest prevalence rates of ground glass opacities on chest CT and hypoxaemia.
conclusionsOur results suggest that reinfection may be a risk factor for long COVID conditions. These findings provide information for the clinical management and healthcare services of long COVID and SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and highlight the importance taking necessary action to prepare for a future pandemic. The long-term follow-up will be needed to verify the impact of different SARS-CoV-2 infection status on long COVID in the future.
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