ArticleBMC research notes2025
Effect of codeine administration on histopathology of brain and liver, in adult albino rats.
Article in BMC research notes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Alkaloids as Emerging Neuroprotective Agents for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Insights into Tryptanthrin and Its Derivatives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study investigated the histopathological effects of codeine on brain and liver tissues in 24 adult albino rats. The rats were divided into four groups: a control group and three experimental groups that received oral codeine at 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg for 14 and 28 days. At each time point, animals were sacrificed, and histological examination of the brain (hippocampus and cerebral cortex) and liver was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining.
resultsA dose-dependent neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, with higher doses causing severe neurodegeneration, was demonstrated. Liver histology revealed inflammatory infiltration, fatty degeneration, and hepatocyte necrosis in codeine-treated groups. Despite comparable histological injury at both durations, a statistically significant increase in body weight was observed at 28 days. Codeine administration leads to dose- and duration-dependent neurotoxic, and hepatotoxic changes, likely mediated by mechanisms involving neuroinflammation, glutamate excitotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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