ArticleJournal of translational medicine2025
Extensive cross-reactive T cell epitopes across SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant spikes with finite immune evasion mutations.
Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antigenic Variation and Immune Recognition Inference From the COVID-19 Pandemic: An In Silico Comparative Analysis of Spike T Cell Epitopes From the SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- HLA-E-restricted SARS-CoV-2 epitopes drive CD8Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Perspective Overview of Changing Population Immunity to COVID-19 in the Context of Infection, Vaccination, and Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe impact of spike protein mutations on T cell responses, particularly in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants, remains incompletely elucidated.
methodsIn this study, DNA vaccines encoding the spike protein of both the ancestral virus and Omicron variants were developed and administered in conjunction with a Th1-type adjuvant to BALB/c mice. Cross-reactive T cell responses to the spike proteins were assessed in the splenocytes of these mice using IFN-γ ELISPOT assays. Additionally, flow cytometry (FACS) was utilized to evaluate IFN-γ
resultsOur study demonstrated that only a limited number of mice, along with a minor subset of their splenocytes vaccinated with the DNA vaccine targeting the original spike protein, exhibited weak cross-reactivity with Omicron variants. This observation underscores the differences in T cell epitopes between Omicron variants and the prototype spikes, indicating that at least 50 and 37 mutations in Omicron variants contribute to their evasion of CD4
conclusionsThese findings underscore the imperative to update WHO emergency vaccine policies and contribute to the development of more effective vaccines and immunization strategies, to better control the infections caused by emerging Omicron variants.
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