Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41029629›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2025

Driving and cannabis use: a questionnaire about knowledge and behaviors after the legalization of recreational cannabis in California.

Sara Baird, Daniel Ageze, Linda L Hill, Sarah Hacker, Renee Dell'Acqua, Alice Gold, Ilene Lanin-Kettering, Tom Shaughnessy, Thomas D Marcotte

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Sara BairdHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. s1baird@health.ucsd.edu.
Daniel AgezeHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Linda L HillHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Sarah HackerHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Renee Dell'AcquaHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Alice GoldQuester, 6500 University Avenue Suite 205, Des Moines, IA, 50324, USA.
Ilene Lanin-KetteringQuester, 6500 University Avenue Suite 205, Des Moines, IA, 50324, USA.
Tom ShaughnessyQuester, 6500 University Avenue Suite 205, Des Moines, IA, 50324, USA.
Thomas D MarcotteCenter for Medicinal Cannabis Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 220 Dickinson Street, Suite B, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundImplemented in 2018, Proposition 64: The Adult Use of Marijuana Act legalized recreational cannabis use in California. This study aimed to assess driving-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors after the passage of Proposition 64.

methodsAn initial questionnaire was completed by 15,208 participants demographically matched to the 2020 California census. A subset of 4,020 participants who currently use cannabis, 523 who formerly used cannabis, and 635 who never used cannabis completed a detailed mixed qualitative and quantitative questionnaire, including questions about driving which were selected for this sub-analysis. Chi-square analysis was utilized for descriptive analysis. For this study “cannabis” was defined as THC-containing products.

results62% of current cannabis users were aware that drivers and passengers cannot smoke or ingest cannabis in a moving vehicle, and 59% were aware that any container of cannabis inside a moving vehicle must be unopened and sealed. 74% knew that you could get a citation for driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC). 64% of participants reported feeling safe to drive 3 h or less after inhalation of flower products and 55 % felt safe to drive 5 h or less after consumption of edible cannabis products. 13% reported that the passage of Proposition 64 increased their Likelihood of DUIC. Those with lower knowledge of Prop 64 driving related regulations were more likely to ever have been pulled over or involved in a crash while under the influence of cannabis.

conclusionsSix years after legalization implementation, there remains mixed awareness of driving-related regulations among people who currently use cannabis. Lower knowledge of regulation was associated with an increase in adverse driving outcomes. Effective messaging to increase knowledge of regulations, duration of intoxication, and promotion of safe driving behaviors is an essential step for promoting public safety after the legalization of cannabis.

trial registrationN/A

Indexed as

Automobile DrivingHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeLegislation, DrugMarijuana SmokingMarijuana UseAdolescentAdultCaliforniaCannabisFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultCannabisDrivingDriving under the influence (DUI)Driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC)MarijuanaProposition 64

Identifiers

PMID41029629
PMCPMC12487619

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.