ArticleBMC public health2025
Relationship between biological ageing, premature mortality, life expectancy, and number of live births: a prospective cohort study of the UK women.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThere are varying perspectives on the impact of the number of live births on health, and few studies have explored whether the number of live births is associated with female aging. Given the global impact of age-related diseases and premature death, this study aimed to evaluate the associations of the number of live births with the biological ageing, premature mortality and life expectancy of women.
methodsA total of 272,494 participants from the UK Biobank who completed the questionnaire on the number of Live births between 2006 and 2010 at baseline were enrolled. Participants were categorized into 6 groups based on the number of live births, and participants with one live birth composed the reference group. A general linear regression model and Cox proportional hazards model were used to evaluate the associations of the number of live births with biological ageing and premature mortality in women. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to visualize the dose‒response relationship. Moreover, the latest Office for National Statistics life tables were used to calculate life expectancy.
resultsDuring a median follow-up of 12.7 years, 10,992 cases of all-cause premature death were documented. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared to women who had one live birth, women who had no live births had a greater risk of premature death (hazard ratio, HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09-1.25), whereas women with two or three live births had a lower risk of premature death (HR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.83-0.93, HR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.83-0.95), which showed a U-shaped relationship (P < 0.05 for nonlinearity). Furthermore, at age 40, women who had no Live births had a 1.40-year lower Life expectancy, and women who had two or three Live births had a 1.13-year higher life expectancy. Moreover, compared to women who had one live birth, women who had two or three live births had lower corrected estimated values for the frailty index (FI), ΔKDM-biological age and homeostatic disorder (HD), and women with five or more live births had higher corrected estimated values for the FI, ΔKDM-biological age, and HD (all P < 0.05).
conclusionsThere was a U-shaped relationship between the number of live births and the biological ageing, premature mortality and life expectancy of women. Women who had no live births or five or more live births were more likely to experience accelerated biological ageing, with a higher risk of premature death and a lower life expectancy. Based on these evidence, it is recommended that healthcare providers focus on guiding women towards a balanced reproductive strategy that optimizes both health outcomes and longevity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.