ArticleMalaria journal2025
Larval habitat diversity, physicochemical characteristics and their effect on the larval density of malaria vectors in the city of Accra, Ghana.
Article in Malaria journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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- Operationalising Environmental DNA (eDNA) Detection of Major Malaria Vector Species in Ghana.Molecular ecology resources · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundMalaria is more prevalent in rural areas than the urban environment partly due to less availability of Anopheles breeding habitats of natural origin in urban settings. However, recent studies have reported an increase in malaria cases in urban areas, possibly due to an increase in urban irrigated vegetable farming, open sewers, and discarded containers creating mosquito breeding habitats. This study investigated the diversity and distribution of mosquito larval habitats and the impact of physicochemical characteristics on the presence and density of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) larvae in Accra, Ghana.
methodsLarval surveys and collections were conducted at 15 locations in Accra, during both the dry season (February to March) and rainy season (June to July) of 2022, using the WHO standard dipping method. These sites were divided into five categories: irrigated urban farming (IUF); Lower Socio-economic Status (LS); Middle Socio-economic Status (MS); High Socio-economic Status (HS); and, Peri-urban (PU) areas. Physicochemical parameters were measured and species identification was performed using morphological and molecular methods.
resultsA total of 727 potential mosquito habitats were identified, with 65.34% (475/727) positive for Anopheles larvae. Drainage ditches were the most common habitat type (48.21%; 229/475). The highest abundance of An. gambiae s.l. was found in IUF sites (27.24%; 6244/22,919), especially during the rainy season (77.01%; 17,650/22,919; R
conclusionMalaria vectors were seen breeding in a variety of habitats in Accra, with irrigated urban farming sites having the highest Anopheles larval abundance. Anopheles coluzzii was the dominant malaria vector. Continuous vector monitoring and control in urban settings is recommended.
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