Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41029288›Full record

Trial reportBMC musculoskeletal disorders2025

The effect of an empowerment program on pain control and self-efficacy in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty in Iran: a quasi-experimental study.

Akram Ghahramanian, Nazila Mirmaroofi, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mozhgan Behshid, Faranak Jabbarzadeh Tabrizi, Tonia Onyeka, Jafar Ganjpour

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Akram GhahramanianMedical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Nazila MirmaroofiNursing Research Department of Shohada Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Mohammad Asghari-JafarabadiCabrini Research, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC, 3144, Australia.
Mozhgan BehshidDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Faranak Jabbarzadeh TabriziMedical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Jabbarzadehf@tbzmed.ac.ir.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0497-211X
Tonia OnyekaDepartment of Anaesthesia/Pain and Palliative Care Unit, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria; IVAN Research Institute, Enugu, Nigeria.
Jafar GanjpourDepartment of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Shohada Medical Research & Training Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Funding

Tabriz University of Medical Sciences TBZMED.1394.526
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundKnee osteoarthritis significantly limits mobility and increases pain in patients. Pain self-efficacy, a crucial psychological construct, is essential for optimal recovery outcomes. This study,grounded in Bandura's self-efficacy theory and Linton's cognitive-behavioral model, evaluated the effectiveness of an empowerment program on pain intensity indices and self-efficacy in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.

methodsA quasi-experimental design was employed. Ninety-eight patients were recruited via convenience sampling and randomly assigned to intervention (n=49) or control (n=49) groups. The intervention group received six structured sessions (one preoperative, five postoperative) including education on pain management, coping strategies, and goal setting, in addition to routine care. Pain intensity was assessed using the Short McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Present Pain Intensity (PPI) index, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), while Pain self-efficacy was measured with the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ). Evaluations were conducted at baseline (preoperatively) and six weeks postoperatively. Demographic (age, sex, education), medical (BMI), and theory-related variables were collected. Analysis of covariance, adjusting for confounders, was used to compare outcomes, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

resultsAmong 98 participants (predominantly women; mean age 62.72 years, mean BMI 29.77, limited formal education), no significant baseline differences existed between groups. Post-intervention, the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater pain reduction: sensory-affective pain (MD = 1.8, 95% CI [-3.86 to -0.96], p = 0.015), Present Pain Intensity (0.62, [-1.04 to -0.18], p = 0.023), and Visual Analogue Scale scores (1.57, [-2.12 to -1.01], p < 0.001). Pain self-efficacy increased significantly (9.81, [0.71 to 1.24], p < 0.001). Analysis of covariance confirmed intervention effectiveness after adjusting for confounding variables.

conclusionsThe empowerment program proved effective as an interactive, applicable, and non-invasive approach for enhancing pain management and self-efficacy in total knee arthroplasty patients.

Indexed as

Arthroplasty, Replacement, KneeEmpowermentOsteoarthritis, KneePain ManagementPostoperative PainSelf EfficacyAgedFemaleHumansIranMaleMiddle AgedPain MeasurementPatient Education as TopicTreatment OutcomeEmpowermentPain controlSelf- efficacyTotal knee arthroplasty

Identifiers

PMID41029288
PMCPMC12486659

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.