ArticleMedicine2025
Association of immune cells with the risk of basal cell carcinoma: A bidirectional Mendelian randomized study.
Article in Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is globally recognized as the most prevalent malignant skin tumor. Despite ample evidence suggesting that immune cells play a significant role in its development, the causal relationship between the 2 remains unclear. This study employed the Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis approach, utilizing publicly available genome-wide association studies data on 731 immune cell phenotypes and BCC. We primarily employ the inverse variance weighting method for our analysis, reinforced by several supplementary methodologies such as MR Egger, weighted median, simple model, and weighted model. Subsequently, we performed a comprehensive sensitivity analysis to evaluate the heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy effects of the findings, ensuring their robustness and reliability. According to the results of MR analysis, at a significance level of 0.01, we identified 14 immune phenotypes that were causally associated with BCC. After adjustment for multiple testing based on false discovery rate (FDR) method, 2 immune phenotypes were still significantly associated with BCC. One of them is a risk factor (PFDR < .05, odds ratio [OR] > 1), another is a protective factor (PFDR < .05, OR < 1). After reverse analysis, at a significance level of 0.01, we detected a causal relationship between BCC and 6 immune phenotypes. Four of them are positively correlated with the occurrence of BCC (P < .01, OR > 1), the other 2 are negatively correlated with the occurrence of BCC (P < .01, OR < 1). Nevertheless, after FDR correction, no statistically significant immune phenotypes were identified. The findings presented above suggest the lack of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy (P > .05). In the present study, we conducted a bidirectional MR analysis to investigate the causal relationship between immune cells and BCC, unveiling the complex interaction between BCC and the immune system. In the future, the immune cells identified in this study as having a causal relationship with BCC may emerge as pivotal molecules facilitating early identification, intervention, and treatment of BCC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.