Neurological Behavioral Assessment of Exon-Skipping Therapy for Neuromuscular Disorders Using Displaced Object Recognition Test, Open Field Test, and Three-Chamber Social Approach Test.

Hiroya Ono, Yoshitsugu Aoki

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Article in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Hiroya OnoDepartment of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan.

Yoshitsugu AokiDepartment of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. tsugu56@ncnp.go.jp.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The displaced object recognition test (DORT), open field test (OFT), and three-chamber social approach test are standard behavioral assays used to assess the various aspects of cognition, emotional regulation, and social behavior in rodent models. This protocol introduces the use of these three tests to comprehensively evaluate the therapeutic effects of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-mediated exon-skipping therapies in neuromuscular disease models, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Exon-skipping therapies aim to restore dystrophin expression, which can potentially influence cognitive, emotional, and social functions. By combining these tests, a multifaceted assessment of therapeutic efficacy can be achieved. This protocol is applicable not only to exon 51/53-skipping therapies but also to other exon-skipping treatments, enabling a broad evaluation of the therapeutic impact on cognition, emotional regulation, and social behavior.

Indexed as

ExonsGenetic TherapyMuscular Dystrophy, DuchenneNeuromuscular DiseasesOligonucleotides, AntisenseAnimalsBehavior, AnimalDisease Models, AnimalDystrophinHumansMiceRecognition, PsychologySocial BehaviorDystrophinOligonucleotides, AntisenseAntisense oligonucleotides (ASO)Cognitive impairmentDisplaced object recognition test (DORT)Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)Dystrophin isoformEmotional regulationExon-skipping therapyNeuromuscular disordersOpen field test (OFT)Social behaviorSynaptic dysfunctionTherapeutic efficacy evaluationThree-chamber social approach test

Identifiers

PMID41028686

DOI10.1111/j.1601-183X.2004.00071.x

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.