ArticleScientific reports2025
Influence of calcination temperature on equine bone hydroxyapatite structure and lead adsorption efficiency.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Green valorization of waste bone into a nano-hydroxyapatite adsorbent for Pb(ii) removal: synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and mechanistic insights.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Adsorption performance and mechanism of MgAl-LDHs@FRBCs/FeRSC advances · 2026Article
- Hydroxyapatite-Polysaccharide Composites Synthesized from Maize Lime-Cooking Wastewater for Bone Tissue Engineering.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- HAp@Cell bio-films engineered from local resources involving molecular mechanisms of dye adsorption and antibacterial activity.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Hydroxyapatite-cellulose composites: properties, fabrication methods, and applications.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2026Review
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11 authors.
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Abstract
Lead (Pb²⁺) contamination in aquatic environments represents a serious global threat due to its toxicity, persistence, and non-biodegradable nature. In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA) was synthesized from equine scapula bone and investigated as a low-cost, sustainable adsorbent for Pb²⁺ removal from aqueous media. HA was thermally treated at 100 °C, 500 °C, and 900 °C to assess the effect of calcination on physicochemical and adsorption properties. Characterization techniques including XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDX, TGA and XRF confirmed structural and compositional evolution with temperature. Among the samples, HA-500 exhibited the highest adsorption performance, achieving 99% Pb²⁺ removal and a maximum capacity of 50 mg/g under optimal conditions (0.25 g dose, 20 mg/L initial Pb²⁺ concentration). Kinetic studies followed a pseudo-second-order model (R² > 0.999), and equilibrium data were best described by the Freundlich isotherm (R² = 0.9839), indicating multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that Pb²⁺ adsorption is spontaneous and exothermic, with negative Gibbs free energy values and positive entropy changes, confirming increased randomness at the solid-liquid interface. Furthermore, regeneration studies showed that HA-500 retained 73% of its efficiency after three cycles. These findings demonstrate the potential of equine bone as a novel bio-based source of hydroxyapatite for efficient and sustainable heavy metal remediation.
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