ArticleSurgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA2025
Fenestrated carotid axis at the carotid bifurcation and long inferior petrosal sinus, novel findings.
Article in Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The anterior condylar confluence of Trolard and its venous tributaries: an anatomical review.Anatomical science international · 2026Review
- Right non-bifurcating cervical carotid artery with a long-segment incomplete carotid bifurcation, a right accessory middle cerebral artery arising from a common trunk with a cortical branch at the distal A1 segment.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeFenestrations of the cervical carotid arteries are extraordinarily rare variants, and no previous evidence of the carotid bifurcation (CB) fenestration was reported. Also, the inferior petrosal sinuses (IPSs) with extracranial segments of different lengths are rare. Fenestrations of the IPSs were not reported previously. Such novel morphologies are reported here.
methodThe anatomical variations described herein were detected during meticulous analysis of archived CT angiographic data obtained from a 45-year-old female subject.
resultsOn the left side, variants of the carotid system were found: an 8.42 mm long fenestration was observed on the CB, extending from the common to the internal carotid artery, with unequal limbs. The superior thyroid artery originated from the CB. Also, a 5.55 cm long extracranial segment of the IPS was detected along the internal jugular vein (IJV). They both appeared as a high, parapharyngeal duplication of the IJV. The extracranial IPS had a 9.01 mm long fenestration. The IJV was compressed between the C1 transverse process and the digastric muscle. A partially ossified 2.24 long left styloid process was observed.
conclusionFenestrated CB and, respectively, extracranial IPS, are novel risk morphologies for surgeons and interventionists that should be acknowledged and documented preoperatively.
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