Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41028121›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Impact of urban density on human well-being and sustainable development in Delhi, India.

Ram Avtar, Sohail Ahmad, Md Mustafizur Rahman, Saleh Alsulamy, Gowhar Meraj, Mahendra Sethi, Chander K Singh, Ali Kharrazi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ram AvtarFaculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. ram@ees.hokudai.ac.jp.
Sohail AhmadSchool of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK.
Md Mustafizur RahmanCapital City Development Authority (RAJUK), Dhaka, 216-2035, Bangladesh.
Saleh AlsulamyArchitecture and Planning Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Gowhar MerajDepartment of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, UAE.
Mahendra SethiIndian Society for Applied Research and Development, New Delhi, India.
Chander K SinghDepartment of Natural and Applied Sciences, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, 110070, India.
Ali KharraziAdvancing Systems Analysis (ASA) program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, A-2361, Austria.

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 21K05664
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Achieving sustainable urban development amid rapid urbanization requires a deep understanding of how urban density influences human well-being. This study examines the spatial relationship between built-up population density (BUD) and human well-being across Delhi, one of the world's fastest-growing megacities. Using a combination of high-resolution census data, remote sensing, and spatial analysis, the study identifies markedly uneven urban form characterized by extreme density variation, ranging from 2,884 to 136,385 persons per km² across clusters, and uncoordinated development, particularly in peripheral zones. While BUD significantly affects well-being outcomes, the analysis reveals that beyond an optimal threshold, socio-economic conditions become equally influential. The findings emphasize the urgent need for differential planning strategies: promoting infrastructure and planned densification in low-density peripheries; encouraging mixed-use development in moderate-density zones; and alleviating congestion while enhancing services in high-density, unplanned areas. These insights provide a policy framework aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 11, which aims to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. By emphasizing the spatial heterogeneity of urban density and its implications for well-being, this research provides a valuable lens for urban policy and planning in rapidly growing global cities.

Indexed as

Population DensitySustainable DevelopmentUrban PopulationCitiesCity PlanningHumansIndiaSocioeconomic FactorsUrbanizationDelhiHuman well-beingNeighborhoodsSuburban planningUrban density

Identifiers

PMID41028121
PMCPMC12485110

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.