ArticleScientific reports2025
Influence of deposition technique on the structural and optical properties of CuS thin films for hole transport layers.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study presents a direct comparison of copper (II) sulfide (CuS) thin films fabricated by spin coating and doctor blade coating as hole transport layers (HTLs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Both sets of films were fully characterized using Xray diffraction (XRD) to determine crystallinity and grain size, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphology, energydispersive Xray spectroscopy (EDAX) for composition, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy for optical bandgap, Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for surface chemistry, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) for energy-level alignment and found to be crystalline and phase-pure. Doctor bladecoated films exhibited larger crystallite sizes (≈ 44.9 nm vs. 37.45 nm), slightly lower band gaps (3.15 eV vs. 3.23 eV), and despite higher microstrain and dislocation density, a closer valence band maximum (VBM = - 5.44 eV vs. - 5.99 eV) and conduction band minimum (CBM = - 2.29 eV vs. - 2.76 eV) to the MAPbBr₃ perovskite absorber. When these experimental parameters were incorporated into three-dimensional drift-diffusion simulations under AM1.5G illumination, the doctor blade HTL yielded a projected power conversion efficiency of 41.7% driven by high charge density (> 10²⁴ cm⁻³) and low recombination rates (~ 1 × 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹) compared to 39.5% for the spincoated film. These results demonstrate that, while both deposition methods produce viable CuS HTLs, the doctor blade technique offers superior energylevel compatibility, scalable processing, and costeffectiveness for highefficiency, largearea PSC manufacturing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.