Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41026956›Full record

ReviewAnnual review of psychology2026

Early Life Stress Effects on Children's Biology, Behavior, and Health: Evidence, Mediators, Moderators, and Solutions.

Nicole R Bush, Alexandra D W Sullivan, Amanda Noroña-Zhou

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Annual review of psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Multilevel Effects of Socioeconomic Factors on the Somatic Status of Contemporary Youth Across Russian Regions.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Growing in the Shadow of Mental Illness: Quality of Life, Health Status, Social Functioning, and Health Care Utilization Among Adults to Parents With Severe Mental Illness.Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Nicole R BushDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Intergenerational Developmental Health Program; Center for Health and Community; and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; email: nicole.bush@ucsf.edu.
Alexandra D W SullivanDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Intergenerational Developmental Health Program; Center for Health and Community; and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; email: nicole.bush@ucsf.edu.
Amanda Noroña-ZhouDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Intergenerational Developmental Health Program; Center for Health and Community; and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; email: nicole.bush@ucsf.edu.

Funding

Prenatal and Early Childhood Pathways To Health:  An Integrated Model of Chemical and Social Exposures, Biological Mechanisms, and Sex-Specific Effects on Neurodevelopment and Respiratory OutcomesUH3OD023271 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI BUSH, NICOLE RENEE, KARR, CATHERINE J · 2018 to 2022
$37.3M
NIH HHS UH3 OD023271
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This review synthesizes and critiques research on early life adversity and stress effects on multidomain health outcomes in child samples to fill a gap in the literature that has largely focused on adults. Prioritizing evidence from meta-analytic and systematic reviews as well as findings from (quasi-)experimental or large prospective longitudinal studies, we integrate interdisciplinary findings to characterize patterns of evidence for stress associations with child outcomes, including mental, physical, and positive health; academic, social, and justice system-related domains; and intermediary phenotypes that may predict disease, including biomarkers. We note cohesive evidence for sensitive periods of susceptibility to stress exposure and describe key mediators and moderators of stress effects, especially family-level factors. Then we highlight interventions targeting malleable factors that hold promise for ameliorating the effects of stress on children. Leveraging a developmental lens, we conclude with field-wide limitations and propose future directions for stress and health research that centers child development.

Indexed as

Adverse Childhood ExperiencesChild BehaviorChild DevelopmentStress, PsychologicalChildHumansadversitybiomarkerchildearly life stressmental healthphysical health

Identifiers

PMID41026956
PMCPMC13016613

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.