Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41026215›Full record

SynthesisCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2025

Immune checkpoint inhibitors-associated acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, kidney recovery, and recurrent risk.

Cheng-Wei Ho, Nai-Wen Kang, Tzu-Hsuan Yeh, Min-Hsiang Chuang, Wen-Wen Tsai, Hsien-Yi Wang, Vin-Cent Wu, Heng-Chih Pan, Jui-Yi Chen

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Cheng-Wei HoDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
Nai-Wen KangDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
Tzu-Hsuan YehDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, No. 901, Zhonghua Rd., Yongkang Dist., Tainan City, 710, Taiwan, ROC.
Min-Hsiang ChuangDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, No. 901, Zhonghua Rd., Yongkang Dist., Tainan City, 710, Taiwan, ROC.
Wen-Wen TsaiDepartment of Neurology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
Hsien-Yi WangDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, No. 901, Zhonghua Rd., Yongkang Dist., Tainan City, 710, Taiwan, ROC.
Vin-Cent WuDepartment of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. q91421028@ntu.edu.tw.
Heng-Chih PanDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
Jui-Yi ChenDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, No. 901, Zhonghua Rd., Yongkang Dist., Tainan City, 710, Taiwan, ROC. kwuilus0101@gmail.com.

Funding

Chi Mei Medical Center CMRO11303
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used in cancer therapy but can cause adverse events, including acute kidney injury (AKI). The incidence of ICI-associated AKI (ICI-AKI) varies across studies, and while steroids may aid in kidney recovery, their full effects require further investigation. Additionally, the risk of recurrent AKI with ICI rechallenge remains uncertain. This study assesses the incidence of ICI-AKI, evaluates steroid efficacy, and examines the risk of recurrent AKI after ICI-AKI.

methodsA comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted through May 2024. Outcomes included the incidence of ICI-AKI, kidney recovery after steroid therapy, and the risk of recurrent AKI with ICI rechallenge. A random-control model was used for analysis.

resultsThis analysis included 16 studies involving 10,726 participants. The pooled incidence of ICI-AKI after following up for one year was 1.4% (95% CI 1.0-2.1%), with the incidence rate being 4.3 per 100 patient-years (95% CI 2.3-6.3 per 100 patient-years). ICI-AKI patients treated with steroid were more likely to achieve kidney recovery (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.17-2.83, P = 0.008). No additional benefit was found from combining intravenous and oral steroids (OR 0.928, P = 0.863). The incidence of recurrent AKI after ICI-AKI was 18.0% (95% CI 13.2-23.9%).

conclusionsA substantial incidence of ICI-AKI of those receiving ICI was identified. Steroid treatment promotes kidney recovery, but adding intravenous steroids offers no additional benefit. There is an elevated risk of recurrent AKI with ICI rechallenge, underscoring the need for careful monitoring of kidney function.

Indexed as

Acute Kidney InjuryImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsNeoplasmsHumansIncidenceRecurrenceRisk FactorsImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsAcute kidney injuryImmune checkpoint inhibitorsIncidenceRecoverySteroid

Identifiers

PMID41026215
PMCPMC12484524

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.