Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41026137›Full record

ArticleJournal of water and health2025

Environmental faecal contamination and associated health risks along multiple exposure pathways in Yatta Sub-County, Machakos County, Kenya.

Respah Nawanjaya Sifuna, James M Raude, Sheillah Simiyu, Jackline A Ndiiri

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of water and health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Respah Nawanjaya SifunaDepartment of Soil Water and Environmental Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya E-mail: rsifuna@students.jkuat.ac.ke.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5366-7294
James M RaudeDepartment of Soil Water and Environmental Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2690-3852
Sheillah SimiyuAfrican Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3069-8967
Jackline A NdiiriDepartment of Soil Water and Environmental Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7513-9571

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Access to safe drinking water and sanitation is a fundamental human right. However, in many regions, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, the prevalence of faecal contamination of water poses health risks. In Kenya, a substantial portion of the population relies on unimproved water sources that are susceptible to faecal contamination from various environmental pathways, including open drains, surface water, and inadequate sanitation facilities. The SaniPath study framework provided a robust approach for assessing faecal exposure pathways by examining the behaviors and environmental factors contributing to contamination and was used in Yatta Sub-County, Machakos County. The study revealed significant faecal contamination across various environmental pathways. The highest

Indexed as

Drinking WaterEnvironmental ExposureFecesWater MicrobiologyAdultChildEscherichia coliHumansKenyaSanitationToilet FacilitiesWater SupplyDrinking WaterEnvironmental healthexposure pathwaysfaecal contaminationKenyaSaniPathsanitation

Identifiers

PMID41026137

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.