Observational studyJournal of the American Heart Association2025
Growth Differentiation Factor-15 is Associated With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Death at 30 and 90 Days in Emergency Department Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome.
Observational study in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Prognostic Value and Barriers to Clinical Implementation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Proteomic Mediators Linking Autoimmune Diseases to Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: Insights from the UK Biobank.Proteomes · 2026Article
- Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of High-Risk Cardiovascular Conditions: Biomarkers, Intracoronary Imaging, Artificial Intelligence, and Novel Anticoagulants.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Systems biology approach uncovers candidates for kidney-heart interorgan crosstalk after myocardial infarction.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Perspectives on Clinical Biomarkers Based on the Pathophysiology of Arrhythmias.Journal of arrhythmia · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGrowth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a novel biomarker of cardiac stress. GDF-15 may be a stronger predictor of all-cause death in patients with acute chest pain than traditional biomarkers such as high-sensitivity troponin T and BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide). However, data from US populations are lacking. Our objective was to determine whether GDF-15 is an independent predictor of all-cause death or acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at index visit, 30 days, and 90 days.
methodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of the STOP-CP (High Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T to Optimize Chest Pain Risk Stratification) trial, which prospectively enrolled adults (aged ≥21 years) from 8 US emergency departments with suspected AMI in 2017 to 2018. High-sensitivity troponin T, BNP, and GDF-15 assays were performed at a central laboratory on samples from baseline and 3 hours later. The primary outcome was the composite of all-cause death or AMI at index visit, 30 days, and 90 days. Multiple logistic regression models assessed the association between GDF-15 and all-cause death or AMI at index visit, as well as at 30 and 90 days, while adjusting for age, sex, number of cardiac risk factors, ischemic ECG findings, high-sensitivity troponin T, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.
resultsWe studied 1428 patients; median age was 58 (interquartile range, 49-66) years and 353 (25%) had a history of coronary artery disease. The composite outcome of all-cause death or AMI occurred in 169 (12%) patients at index visit, an additional 21 (1.5%) at 30 days, and an additional 27 (1.9%) at 90 days. In multiple logistic regression models, GDF-15 was independently associated with all-cause death or AMI at 30 days (adjusted odds ratio per SD, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.06-1.54]) and 90 days (adjusted odds ratio R per SD, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.26-1.94]), but not during the index visit (adjusted odds ratio per SD, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.83-1.16]).
conclusionsAmong adult emergency department patients with suspected AMI, GDF-15 was independently associated with subsequent 30-day and 90-day all-cause death or AMI. These data suggest a potential role for GDF-15 in short-term cardiac risk stratification in emergency department patients without AMI at index visit.
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