Observational studyThe Australian journal of rural health2025
Type 2 Diabetes Management in Aotearoa New Zealand: A Comparison of Urban and Rural Primary Care Clinics.
Observational study in The Australian journal of rural health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Type 2 Diabetes Management in Aotearoa New Zealand: A Comparison of Urban and Rural Primary Care Clinics.The Australian journal of rural health · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the demographic differences between individuals with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) enrolled in rural and urban clinics and evaluate the quality of care they receive.
designCross-sectional observational study.
settingPrimary care data from four large Primary Healthcare Organisations across the Auckland and Waikato regions of New Zealand.
participantsPatients aged 18-75 years with T2D from February 2021 to August 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Associations between rurality and sociodemographic variables, clinical measures, and prescribing rates.
resultsA total of 56 937 patients with T2D were included, with 85.3% enrolled in urban practices and 14.7% in rural. Rural clinics had a significantly higher proportion of Māori individuals than urban clinics (31.4% vs. 17.4%). Patients in rural clinics had lower but not clinically significant reductions in mean HbA1c, LDL-c, blood pressure, and eGFR than those in urban clinics; however, the number of laboratory tests completed during the study period was lower in rural clinics. Māori were less likely to receive HbA1c and uACR tests than non-Māori. Clinically indicated prescribing for metformin (79.1% vs. 72.5%), ACE inhibitors (80.5% vs. 75.2%), and statins (61.2% vs. 54.4%) was higher in patients enrolled in urban than rural clinics (all p < 0.05), and regression showed lower odds of insulin (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.61-0.69) and SGLT2i/GLP1RA (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.82-0.93) prescribing in rural clinics (both p < 0.001).
conclusionTargeted strategies are needed to address the disparities in T2D care for patients in rural clinics, as well as Māori, particularly optimizing medication prescribing and laboratory tests to improve overall care.
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