ArticleRenal failure2025
Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes and kidney diseases, 1990-2021: a trend and health inequality analyses based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Article in Renal failure, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundDiabetes and kidney diseases pose a major global public health challenge, impacting both health and socioeconomic development. Comprehensive analyses combining long-term trend decomposition (1990-2021) and inequality measurements are lacking.
methodsUsing data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, we conducted comprehensive analyses to examine the disease burden through two complementary approaches (1): decomposition analysis to quantify the relative contributions of population growth, aging effects, and epidemiologic changes; and (2) inequality assessment using both the slope index of inequality and concentration index to evaluate socioeconomic disparities in disease burden across countries.
resultsAccording to GBD 2021, the global figures for diabetes and kidney diseases in 2021 included 1,081,017,594 prevalent cases, 44,905,586 incident cases, 123,704,574 DALYs, and 3,195,034 deaths. The age-standardized rates (ASR) of estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) for both prevalence and incidence were positive across all countries and territories, denoting an upward trend. Population (36.92%), aging (28.64%), and epidemiologic change (i.e., changes in age-specific disease risk independent of demographic shifts, driven by diagnostics, risk factors, or treatments; 34.44%) were key drivers over 1990-2021. Significant absolute and relative inequalities in the burden of diabetes and kidney diseases, measured by sociodemographic index (SDI), were observed and showed a substantial increase over time.
conclusionUnderstanding these patterns-particularly the rising burden in high-SDI nations and widening cross-country inequalities-is crucial for tailoring interventions for diabetes and kidney diseases.
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