Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41024313›Full record

ArticleJournal of animal science and biotechnology2025

Proinflammatory polarization of adipose tissue macrophages in cows with subclinical ketosis constitutes a critical driver of adipose tissue remodeling and inflammation.

Bichen Zhao, Ming Li, Huijing Zhang, Renxu Chang, Jingyi Wang, Wanli Zhao, Yue Yang, Muhammad Usman, Juan J Loor, Chuang Xu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of animal science and biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Bichen ZhaoCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Ming LiCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Huijing ZhangCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Renxu ChangCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Jingyi WangCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Wanli ZhaoCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Yue YangCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Muhammad UsmanMammalian NutriPhysio Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA.
Juan J LoorMammalian NutriPhysio Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA.
Chuang XuCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. xuchuang@cau.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1163-6616

Funding

Key Research and Development Program of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 2024B02016National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFD1800804National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFD1801100National Natural Science Foundation of China 32125038
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSustained lipolysis exacerbates subclinical ketosis (SCK) in dairy cows and is associated with inflammation and adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) infiltration. While ATM involvement in adipose homeostasis and inflammation in early lactation is recognized, a comprehensive exploration of ATM polarization phenotypes in SCK cows is lacking. This study aimed to characterize ATM polarization and its link to lipolysis and inflammation in SCK cows.

resultsSubcutaneous adipose tissue samples were obtained from dairy cows to analyze protein expression and gene profiles. Compared with healthy cows, SCK cows had higher serum BHBA and NEFA, smaller adipocytes, and increased expression of lipolytic enzymes (LIPE, ATGL), indicating enhanced lipolysis. Decreased levels of FASN, PPARγ, p-SMAD3, and TGFβ suggested impaired adipogenesis. Inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IFN-γ, TLR4, Caspase1) and NFκB signaling activity were elevated. ATM infiltration was supported by increased CD9, CD68, TREM2, and CXCL1 expression. Protein abundance of M1 polarization markers (iNOS, CD86 and CCL2) in ATMs were associated with greater levels of NOS2, IL1B, CD86 and CCL2 mRNA expression in SCK cows; fluorescence intensity of NOS2 and CD86 also was elevated, alongside a higher proportion of CD68

conclusionsOverall, the present study indicated an augmented macrophage presence within adipose tissue during subclinical ketosis, with a predominance of pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1 ATM). This observation suggested a vicious cycle wherein macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory polarization coincide with enhanced lipolysis and an amplified inflammatory cascade.

Indexed as

Adipose tissue macrophagesAdipose tissue remodelingMacrophage polarizationSubclinical ketosis

Identifiers

PMID41024313
PMCPMC12477806

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