ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2025
Development of a low-cost team performance tracking system.
Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Recent advances in the application of artificial intelligence and wearable devices in volleyball.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSports technologies are increasingly attracting attention and gaining market share. Since athletes' performance directly affects a team's success and financial income, tracking their performance is essential.
methodsIn this study, a team performance tracking system was developed and tested with volleyball players. The designed system measured some parameters in 6 volleyball players during an indoor training (18 × 9 m court), such as heart rate, R-R interval, core temperature, and acceleration. These measurements were used to calculate the athletes' internal (heart rate reserve percentage, training impulse) and external (player load, accumulated player load) load parameters and present them to the coach in real-time. The ESP-NOW protocol was employed for high-speed, long-distance data transmission without the need for an external modem, utilizing the microcontroller's built-in Wi-Fi hardware.
resultsHeart rate, R-R interval, core temperature, and acceleration values were acquired simultaneously for 3 h from all team athletes in real time. This allowed for high-frequency, low-cost, real-time monitoring of the athletes' performance.
conclusionsThe designed system demonstrated its operability and applicability, aiming to enhance team performance and reduce the risk of injury to athletes. The integrated core temperature monitoring provides unique physiological insights unavailable in current commercial systems.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.