ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025
Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viral infections among refugees in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Wedelolactone Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Modulating NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling: An in-vitro Huh7 1.3-mer HBV Plasmid Model.Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPRArticle
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundHepatitis B (HB) and Hepatitis C (HC) viral infections, with 328 million cases globally, represent a significant disease burden. Currently, Pakistan has 3.88 million HB and 9.31 million HC cases. High-risk populations like refugees are disproportionately affected by these infections. The objectives of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) among Kashmiri refugees in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan, and to identify the key demographic and educational risk factors associated with the seroprevalence in this population.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted across eight refugee camps in the Muzaffarabad division, Pakistan. A six-membered team visited each camp to collect blood samples through venipuncture. The seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV was determined using rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) kits .
resultsA total of 550 sera samples were collected from the refugee population in Muzaffarabad. The overall seroprevalence was 5.82% (32/550) for HBsAg and 4.73% (26/550) for anti-HCV. A higher seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV was recorded among females 6.12% (15/245), and 6.53% (16/245), respectively, compared to males 5.75% (17/305), and 3.28% (10/305), respectively. A marked increase in seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV was noted with an increase in age: 1-10 (2.44%) and (2.44%), 41-50 (8.20%) and (6.56%), and 51-60 (8.93%) and (8.93%), respectively. Chi-square test revealed a statistically significant association between age and seroprevalence of HBsAg χ² (degrees of freedom (df):6, N = 550) = 27.22, p = 0.000, and HC χ² (df:6, N = 550) = 15.23, p = 0.019.The level of education impacted the seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV, resulting in a higher seroprevalence of HBsAg (6.9%) and anti-HCV (5.4%) among uneducated individuals compared to educated individuals (4.71%) and (3.99%), respectively.
conclusionThe seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV is high among the refugee population of Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. There is a need for the implementation of a robust vaccination program for HB as well as the establishing a hepatitis micro-elimination program among the Kashmiri refugee population of Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.
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