ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025
Tracking the evolution of emerging serotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns in Streptococcus pneumoniae among Indian adults using high-throughput genome sequencing.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comprehensive genomics, systems, and structural assessment for novel target identification in penicillin-resistantFrontiers in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Tracking the evolution of emerging serotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns in Streptococcus pneumoniae among Indian adults using high-throughput genome sequencing.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- GPS Pipeline: portable, scalable genomic pipeline for Streptococcus pneumoniae surveillance from Global Pneumococcal Sequencing Project.Nature communications · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStreptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of respiratory infections, particularly affecting children and the elderly. However, data on pneumococcal disease among Indian adults remain limited. This study investigated the epidemiology of S. pneumoniae from invasive and non-invasive sources in Indian adults using whole-genome sequencing (WGS).
methodsA prospective study was undertaken in five hospitals of India between 2022 and 2023, including 254 S. pneumoniae isolates, 126 from invasive and 128 from non-invasive specimens. WGS was performed using the Illumina platform to determine serotypes, multi locus sequence types (STs), lineages, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and virulence profiles. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using the Vitek-2 system.
resultsA total of 37 serotypes, 53 Global Pneumococcal Sequence Clusters (GPSCs), and 128 STs (including 39 novel STs) were identified. Predominant serotypes included 19 F, 19 A, and 9 V, with GPSC1, GPSC10, and GPSC6 being the most common lineages. Vaccine coverage was estimated at 64% for PCV13 and 72% for PPSV23. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 70% of isolates, mainly among GPSC1, 10, and 6. Virulence genes were widely distributed, and pilus genes were more common in non-invasive isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed GPSC1, 10, and 6 as dominant in both invasive and non-invasive sources.
conclusionThe high prevalence of non-vaccine lineages, elevated MDR, and large number of novel STs reflect ongoing pneumococcal evolution in India, likely driven by recombination and capsular switching. These dynamics may reduce vaccine effectiveness. Continuous genomic surveillance is crucial to inform vaccine strategies and control pneumococcal disease in Indian adults.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.