ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025
Climate change and antimicrobial resistance: a global-scale analysis.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations between Antimicrobial-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections and Climate-Related Exposure in a Tertiary Medical Center in Central Luzon, Philippines.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Infectious diseases in a changing climate.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface: A One Health Perspective on Drivers, Transmission, and Public Health Responses.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Occurrence of Phenotypic Multidrug-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Temperature-Associated Prevalence and Multidrug Resistance ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- From Food Systems to Gut Microbiota: Dietary Substrates, Microbial Exposure and One Health.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Klebsiella pneumoniae in the global AMR: resistance mechanisms and genomic adaptation.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Assessing the Ecological Roles of Resistomes within Microbial Communities in Antibiotic-contaminated Ecosystems.Microbial ecology · 2026Review
- Challenges for the effectiveness of infectious disease interventions during global change.Communications health · 2026Article
- The silent microbial shift: climate change amplifies pathogen evolution, microbiome dysbiosis, and antimicrobial resistance.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2025Review
- Preventive Immunology for Livestock and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in the One Health Era: From Mechanistic Insights to Innovative Interventions.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a major global health threat. Although regional studies have explored the relationship between climate change and AMR, a comprehensive global analysis incorporating extreme climate events has not yet been conducted.
methodsWe analyzed global data from 2000 to 2023, encompassing over 28 million bacterial isolates from eight common pathogens and 14 antibiotic categories. Climate data were sourced from NOAA, and resistance data were obtained from ResistanceMap, ECDC, and PLISA databases. Linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) were applied to evaluate the associations between climate indices and resistance rates.
resultsTemperature was consistently positively correlated with resistance rates across most bacterial species. The mean temperature was significantly associated with resistance rates even after adjusting for covariates. Extreme temperature indicators, including intensity indices (TXx, TNx, TXn and TNn), absolute threshold indices (SU, TR and DTR), relative threshold indices (TN90p and TX90p), and duration indices (CSDI and WSDI) exhibited significant positive correlations with resistance rates. In contrast, cold-related indices (FD, ID, TN10p and TX10p) were negatively correlated with resistance rates. Among the precipitation indices, only CDD demonstrated a significant positive association with aggregated AMR after full adjustment; all the other precipitation metrics showed no statistically significant correlation. Furthermore, subgroup analyses of WHO priority pathogens confirmed the robust effect of temperature, but revealed that precipitation indices, particularly CDD, had opposing correlations with resistance across different pathogens.
conclusionsThis study provides robust global evidence that rising temperatures and extreme heat are consistent drivers of AMR, whereas the impact of precipitation is complex and pathogen dependent. These findings underscore the need for climate-informed public health strategies that integrate climate surveillance into AMR action plans to develop targeted interventions against these intertwined global threats.
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