ArticleBMC genomics2025
Genome-wide identification and transcription profiling of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) HD-ZIP gene family under water deficit.
Article in BMC genomics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Research Advances in Plant Pyruvate Kinase.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a multipurpose oilseed crop with high nutritional value and natural tolerance to stressful conditions including drought. The homeodomain leucine zippers (HD-ZIPs) are a class of highly conserved DNA-binding domains in plant transcription factors (TFs) which involve in different biological processes including growth, development, signal transduction and response to abiotic stresses. To date, the HD-ZIP transcription factors in safflower weren’t characterized in a genome-wide scale and their role in response to drought stress is unknown. In this study, 46 HD-ZIP coding genes were identified across the safflower genome, and gene structures, protein characteristics, conserved motifs, duplication and syntenic patterns, and protein-protein interactions were explored. The TFs were classified into four main subfamilies (I to IV) based on phylogenetic analyses. Segmental duplication has played a prominent role in the expansion of the HD-ZIP TFs. Promoter analysis of the genes highlighted the prevalence of ABRE, MYB, MYC, ARE and STRE cis-elements. Most of safflower HD-ZIPs interact with each other or with other TFs and functional proteins involved in organogenesis and crucial biological processes. The expression profile of safflower HD-ZIPs was explored in seedlings under drought stress using RNA-seq assay. Four genes from HD-ZIP I subfamily including CtHDZIP23 (HB-7), CtHDZIP7 (HB-7), CtHDZIP26 (HAT5) and CtHDZIP3 (HB-40) were significantly upregulated in response to drought stress, and two genes in the subfamily (CtHDZIP9, CtHDZIP41; HB13) were significantly downregulated. However, in HD-ZIP II subfamily only CtHDZIP37 (HAT22) was significantly upregulated. These results were confirmed using real-time qRT-PCR. Our findings highlight the members of the HD-ZIP gene family in response-regulation of drought stress, and will significantly help in understanding the function of the HD-ZIP TFs in response to abiotic stresses in safflower.
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